Astigmatism is a common vision condition where the cornea or lens of the eye is abnormally shaped, causing blurred or distorted vision. Instead of seeing sharp and clear images, people with astigmatism may experience blurry vision at both near and far distances.
Symptoms of Astigmatism
Living with astigmatism can be challenging. Many people with this condition notice that things appear out of focus, and in some cases, straight lines may look wavy or distorted. Additionally, lights at night may seem to have streaks or halos around them, making night driving particularly difficult.
Types of Astigmatism
Astigmatism is not a one-size-fits-all condition. There are two main types:
Horizontal astigmatism: The eye is shaped like a horizontal oval, wider than it is tall.
Vertical astigmatism: The eye is shaped like a vertical oval, taller than it is wide.
Astigmatism can also be combined with other refractive errors such as near-sightedness (difficulty seeing distant objects clearly) or farsightedness (difficulty seeing up close).
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of astigmatism is not fully understood, but several factors may increase the risk, including:
- Family history of astigmatism
- Extreme near-sightedness or farsightedness
- Thin or scarred cornea
- Previous eye surgeries, such as cataract removal or refractive procedures like LASIK or PRK
Diagnosis and Symptoms of Worsening Astigmatism
Diagnosis is made through a comprehensive eye exam. This typically includes a visual acuity test, retinoscopy, autorefractor measurements, phoropter testing, and keratometry to measure the curvature of the cornea.
If astigmatism worsens, symptoms may include:
- Increased blurriness
- Frequent squinting
- Eye strain
- Headaches
- Difficulty performing tasks at night
Severe astigmatism, if left untreated, can lead to refractive amblyopia or “lazy eye,” particularly in children. This condition occurs when the brain favors the clearer images from one eye over the other, hindering proper vision development.
Treatment Options
Astigmatism can be managed with various treatments depending on the severity:
Glasses: Prescription lenses can correct the way light enters the eye, improving vision.
Contact Lenses: For mild astigmatism, standard lenses may suffice, while toric lenses are designed for more significant correction.
Surgery: For those who qualify, laser eye surgeries (LASIK, PRK, Epi-LASIK, or SMILE) can permanently reshape the cornea.
Preventing Astigmatism and Seeking Help
While the exact cause of astigmatism remains unclear, taking preventive measures such as regular eye exams and protecting your eyes from injury and excessive strain can help maintain eye health. If you suspect you have astigmatism or if your vision is worsening, it is essential to consult with an ophthalmologist for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment.
Regular eye exams and early intervention are key to maintaining optimal vision and preventing complications like amblyopia. If you experience any symptoms of astigmatism, consult your doctor explore the best corrective options for your needs.
